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1 Normalized net round-trip gain G s p as a function of pump-signal and idler-signal phase mismatches δ ν p s Ω L and δ ν i s Ω L , respectively, for N = ( π / 2 ) 2 . GVD is neglected, so the AM and PM eigenmodes are decoupled. (a) Gain for AM eigenmodes, (b) gain for PM eigenmodes.
2 Normalized intensity (top) and phase (bottom) profiles of some superpositions of Laguerre–Gaussian modes: L G 01 + L G 05 , L G 0 − 5 + L G 05 , and L G 10 + L G 05 (left to right).
3 (a) Schematic of a four-taper-segment micropillar cavity. (b) and (c) Electric field density profile of the first- and second-order modes, respectively. (d) Electric field density profile of the third-order mode of the ten-taper-segment micropillar cavity. (e) Mode diagram as a function of taper segment number.
4 Transfer of angular momentum in optical tweezers. A trapped object can be rotated either by the transfer of SAM from a circularly polarized beam (left) or by the transfer of OAM from a high-order Laguerre–Gaussian beam.
5 Co-registered image of the change in blood flow image (Fig. 3A) with the projection view image of the blood vessel network obtained by the OMAG method after the injury (Fig. 4B). The color map is the same as in Fig. 3A. The grayscale of the OMAG image was inverted such that the blood vessels appear dark for better contrast.
6 Computer simulation of the light- intensity distribution of the interference pattern for hexagonal right-handed (RH) as well as left-handed (LH) photonic chiral structures using 6 + 1 beam geometry. (a) 3D interference intensity distribution for RH structures. (c) Intensity profile in x − z plane. (b) and (d) correspond to (a) and (c) for LH photonic chiral structures.
7 Peppers image. (a) Original object (b) Conventional solution with minimum-error threshold (Lloyd-Max): SNR = 13.72 dB (c) Binary acquisition using our method (d) Reconstruction using our method: SNR = 19.10 dB
8 Second harmonic generation methods for studying chirality were developed in organic molecules before being applied to metamaterials. In (a), illustration of SHG from supramolecularly ordered chiral helicenes molecules. In (b), illustration of SHG from G-shaped nanostructures, arranged in a chiral unit cell. The incoming light is at 800 nm (near red color) and the detected signal is at 400 nm (near blue color).
9 Supplementary epifluorescence collection through a ring of optical fibers. (a) Top: CAD-drawing of a custom fiber-ring holder placed under an objective. Bottom: Closeup view showing the ring-like arrangement of the fiber tips. Only five of eight fibers are shown. Fluorophores are 2-photon excited in the focus of an infrared laser beam (red), causing isotropic fluorescence emission (green). (b) Left: Top view of the ring-like arrangement of eight 1-mm diameter fibers. Right: Dual-channel detection in a custom 2PLSM setup. Optical fibers were bundled and placed in front of a second PMT.
10 Schematic setup of the thin disk laser resonator and the pump module.
11 20 × 24 pixel scan of a life-size mannequin at 324 m distance. fSample = 2 GHz, 7 × 106 pulses s−1, 16 ps histogram binning size, pattern length b = 16384 bits, 2 s per-pixel dwell time. Measurement acquired using a shallow-junction SPAD. (a) Close-up photograph of the scene. (b) Segmented surface plot of the scan, including several pixels locking onto background objects.
12 Example of 2D array of color-coded dots.