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Source: M. W. Holtfrerich, M. Dowran, R. Davidson, B. J. Lawrie, R. C. Pooser, A. M. Marino, "Toward quantum plasmonic networks," Optica 3(9) 985-988 (2016); http://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?URI=optica-3-9-985 Caption: Effect of EOT on spatial information. The central figure shows the input probe beam generated with the DLP before the FWM. The top row shows the entangled images generated by the FWM process before the plasmonic structures, while the lower row shows the entangled images after transduction through the plasmonic structures.	$2 GPU simulation results with the same parameters as in Fig. 4 of [9]. Thickness of the medium is 1 cm, refractive index n=1.33, wavelength of light is 633 nm. Radius, refractive index, and scattering coefficient of the spherical scatterer in the simulations in (a) and (b) are rs=0.1 μm, ns=1.59, μs=10 cm−1, and in the sphere–cylinder mixed simulations in (c) and (d), μs=5 cm−1. For the cylindrical scatterer in the simulations in (c) and (d), rc=0.75 μm, nc=1.56, μc(90°)=65 cm−1. The direction of the cylinders is along the y axis, and the standard deviation for the Gauss distribution of the direction is 5°. The birefringence value in the simulations in (b) and (d) is 1×10−5, corresponding to an extension of 5 mm. The birefringence axis is along the 45° direction on the x–y plane. The cutoff numbers of scattering steps are all set to 200. The number of simulated photons is 1.2×108 for each group. The detector area is 1 cm×1 cm, partitioned into 100×100 pixels.$ Source: Pengcheng Li, Celong Liu, Xianpeng Li, Honghui He, Hui Ma, "GPU acceleration of Monte Carlo simulations for polarized photon scattering in anisotropic turbid media," Appl. Opt. 55(27) 7468-7476 (2016); http://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-55-27-7468 Caption: GPU simulation results with the same parameters as in Fig. 4 of [9]. Thickness of the medium is 1 cm, refractive index n=1.33, wavelength of light is 633 nm. Radius, refractive index, and scattering coefficient of the spherical scatterer in the simulations in (a) and (b) are rs=0.1 μm, ns=1.59, μs=10 cm−1, and in the sphere–cylinder mixed simulations in (c) and (d), μs=5 cm−1. For the cylindrical scatterer in the simulations in (c) and (d), rc=0.75 μm, nc=1.56, μc(90°)=65 cm−1. The direction of the cylinders is along the y axis, and the standard deviation for the Gauss distribution of the direction is 5°. The birefringence value in the simulations in (b) and (d) is 1×10−5, corresponding to an extension of 5 mm. The birefringence axis is along the 45° direction on the x–y plane. The cutoff numbers of scattering steps are all set to 200. The number of simulated photons is 1.2×108 for each group. The detector area is 1 cm×1 cm, partitioned into 100×100 pixels.	Source: Cheng-Chien Liu, Po-Li Chen, "Automatic extraction of ground control regions and orthorectification of remote sensing imagery," Opt. Express 17(10) 7970-7984 (2009); http://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-10-7970 Caption: The orthorectified aerial image and 5m DEM of Chiu-Shui River.	$4 Photograph of two large-area 1780 lines/mm diffraction gratings ( 420 mm × 450 mm ) used at high incidence in a pulse compressor for the high-energy PETAL laser [79]. The diffraction gratings are made of dielectrics; see Section 6.1b.$ Source: Nicolas Bonod, Jérôme Neauport, "Diffraction gratings: from principles to applications in high-intensity lasers," Adv. Opt. Photon. 8(1) 156-199 (2016); http://www.osapublishing.org/aop/abstract.cfm?URI=aop-8-1-156 Caption: Photograph of two large-area 1780 lines/mm diffraction gratings ( 420 mm × 450 mm ) used at high incidence in a pulse compressor for the high-energy PETAL laser [79]. The diffraction gratings are made of dielectrics; see Section 6.1b.
$5 Phase distribution of the diffraction pattern observed at z ∕ L = 2.0 , caused by a finite-radius SPP with fractional topological charge α = 2.5 . We can see the chain of unit strength vortices on the + x axis.$ Source: Hipolito Garcia-Gracia, Julio C. Gutiérrez-Vega, "Diffraction of plane waves by finite-radius spiral phase plates of integer and fractional topological charge," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26(4) 794-803 (2009); http://www.osapublishing.org/josaa/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-26-4-794 Caption: Phase distribution of the diffraction pattern observed at z ∕ L = 2.0 , caused by a finite-radius SPP with fractional topological charge α = 2.5 . We can see the chain of unit strength vortices on the + x axis.	$6 (a)–(d) x–z cross sections of the beam intensity are shown as a function of focal depth, zf, for a focused Gaussian beam propagating through in silico fractal medium 2. For each panel, the result for a single simulation is displayed on top, with the corresponding averaged result over N=100 randomly generated fractal media displayed on the bottom. For visualization, all images are self-normalized to a maximum value of 1.$ Source: Adam K. Glaser, Ye Chen, Jonathan T. C. Liu, "Fractal propagation method enables realistic optical microscopy simulations in biological tissues," Optica 3(8) 861-869 (2016); http://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?URI=optica-3-8-861 Caption: (a)–(d) x–z cross sections of the beam intensity are shown as a function of focal depth, zf, for a focused Gaussian beam propagating through in silico fractal medium 2. For each panel, the result for a single simulation is displayed on top, with the corresponding averaged result over N=100 randomly generated fractal media displayed on the bottom. For visualization, all images are self-normalized to a maximum value of 1.	Source: Xin Gai, Duk-Yong Choi, Steve Madden, Barry Luther-Davies, "Interplay between Raman scattering and four-wave mixing in ${As}_{2} S_{3}$ chalcogenide glass waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28(11) 2777-2784 (2011); http://www.osapublishing.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-28-11-2777 Caption: Numerical simulations of amplification of white noise by FWM and SRS as a function of propagation length.	Source: Maciej Antkowiak, Maria Leilani Torres-Mapa, Kishan Dholakia, Frank J. Gunn-Moore, "Quantitative phase study of the dynamic cellular response in femtosecond laser photoporation," Biomed. Opt. Express 1(2) 414-424 (2010); http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-1-2-414 Caption: Comparison of quantitative phase maps with fluorescent assays during an optoinjection experiment: a) phase map and b) propidium iodide fluorescence (optoinjection assay) 5 min after irradiation ; c) phase map and d) Calcein AM fluorescence (viability assay) after 90 min incubation. Two cells were successfully optoinjected - one proved viable (solid arrow) while the other (dashed arrow) was necrotic after 90 min. Note the significant decrease in the optical thickness of the non-viable cell. Scale bars 20 μm.
Source: Natan T. Shaked, Lisa L. Satterwhite, Nenad Bursac, Adam Wax, "Whole-cell-analysis of live cardiomyocytes using wide-field interferometric phase microscopy," Biomed. Opt. Express 1(2) 706-719 (2010); http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-1-2-706 Caption: WFDI-based phase profile of a cardiomyocyte during a single beating cycle, 40 × . White horizontal scale bar represents 10 µm. Vertical color bar is in radians. Dynamics, 120 fps for 1 sec: Media 3.	Source: Jia Qin, Roberto Reif, Zhongwei Zhi, Suzan Dziennis, Ruikang Wang, "Hemodynamic and morphological vasculature response to a burn monitored using a combined dual-wavelength laser speckle and optical microangiography imaging system," Biomed. Opt. Express 3(3) 455-466 (2012); http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-3-455 Caption: Co-registered image of the change in blood flow image (Fig. 3A) with the projection view image of the blood vessel network obtained by the OMAG method after the injury (Fig. 4B). The color map is the same as in Fig. 3A. The grayscale of the OMAG image was inverted such that the blood vessels appear dark for better contrast.	Source: Antony C. S. Chan, Kevin K. Tsia, Edmund Y. Lam, "Subsampled scanning holographic imaging (SuSHI) for fast, non-adaptive recording of three-dimensional objects," Optica 3(8) 911-917 (2016); http://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?URI=optica-3-8-911 Caption: Compressed spiral-scanning measurement and reconstruction of physical 3D object with spiral scanning. (Top row) Subsampled complex-valued hologram data along the spiral path. The magnitude and phase values are represented by the saturation and hue, respectively, as shown in the color wheel of the legend. Undefined hologram pixels are displayed as the gray color. The corresponding numbers of spiral revolutions p, compression ratio M/N, and the reconstruction performance score (SSIM) are shown in Table 1. (Bottom row) The reconstructed image shows the proximal layer in red (z1=870 mm) and the distal layer in blue (z2=1070 mm). Empty space is depicted as white. (Inset) The zoomed-in view of the restored 3D object. Note the high quality of letter “S” down at the 25% compression ratio.	Source: Jason Geng, "Structured-light 3D surface imaging: a tutorial," Adv. Opt. Photon. () 128-160 (2000); http://www.osapublishing.org//abstract.cfm?URI=---128 Caption: